Law & Regulations

Black book labeled "Whistleblower Protection Act."

Whistleblower Protection Act (1989)

The Whistleblower Protection Act of 1989 (WPA) marked a defining moment for federal employees who risked their careers to report wrongdoing. At Barrett Johnston, we view it as a foundational piece of modern whistleblower law — one that inspired broader protections across industries, including healthcare. The WPA was designed to protect federal employees who disclose […]

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Doctor being offered a bribe.

Anti-Kickback Statute (42 U.S.C. § 1320a-7b)

We often explain that some of the most damaging healthcare fraud doesn’t come from fake bills—it comes from improper relationships between providers and suppliers. The Anti-Kickback Statute (AKS) directly targets this kind of corruption. The AKS is a federal law that prohibits offering, paying, soliciting, or receiving anything of value to induce or reward referrals

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Young woman physician wearing a stethoscope, writing a prescription.

Stark Law (Physician Self-Referral Law)

The Stark Law, formally known as the Physician Self-Referral Law, is one of the most important — and most complex — regulations in healthcare fraud enforcement. At its core, Stark Law prohibits physicians from referring Medicare or Medicaid patients to entities in which they (or an immediate family member) have a financial interest. For example,

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